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Certification Manual

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Introduction to Networks

First, a standard PC/Mac with integrated (L)ocal (A)rea (N)etwork port

or (W)ireless (L)ocal (A)rea (N)etwork port. (Hereafter these shall be

referred to as LAN & WLAN) The LAN port connects via a RJ45 plug and

CAT5E patch cable to a Router. The WLAN port eliminates the cable and

makes the connection wirelessly. The router, also know as a network hub,

is essentially an automatic switchboard that connects multiple computers

either to each other, or the Modem. Within a LAN there can be multiple

routers, creating a web of connectivity between all of the computers and

network appliances in a facility or business. The modem is the gateway

between the LAN and the ISP or Internet Service Provider, and thus the

World Wide Web.

IP Addressing

For each of these devices to correctly communicate with each other,

there must be a scheme by which each device can be recognized. This is

where Internet Protocol or IP technology comes in. In a LAN, each device

that is connected to the LAN is assigned three addresses. The first one, the

IP address is the unique address of that device. It cannot be duplicated

within that LAN. The second address is the Subnet Mask. The subnet

allows the flow of network traffic between hosts to be segregated based on

a network configuration. By organizing hosts into logical groups, subnetting

can improve network security and performance.* The third address is the

Gateway. This address, like the subnet is usually common to all the

devices on the network. It is often the same as the IP address of the central

router. This schema of addressing is standard world-wide and via the

WWW, allows instantaneous communication and data transfer anywhere,

there is internet access.

In most LAN’s, all of the IP addresses are dynamic. In other words,

the IP addresses are assigned by the router to all of the devices and

appliances residing on the network. This is known as DHCP IP Addresses.

With the network setup this way, if the router is reset or replaced, all of the

devices in the LAN will have their IP addresses re-assigned. Typically, this

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WaveWare Apollo T-2000 Informazioni Techniche Pagina 68